First Break All the Rules and Drive
It’s not good advice for safe motoring, but it is the name of two exceptional books about workplace performance. The books were written 10 years apart, but as I recently read both of them, almost back-to-back, I was struck by the complimentary messages.
First, Break All the Rules by Marcus Buckingham and Curt Coffman was the end result of a Gallup study that gathered information from 80,000 managers. Their quest was to find out what made a great manager. The book has insight after insight, but the key finding is that great managers create an environment where employees answer these twelve questions in the affirmative (it sounds too simple, but you really need to read the book to appreciate the simplicity) –
- Do I know what is expected of me at work?
- Do I have the materials and equipment I need to do my work right?
- At work, do I have the opportunity to do what I do best every day?
- In the last seven days, have I received recognition or praise for doing good work?
- Does my supervisor, or someone at work, seem to care about me as a person?
- Is there someone at work who encourages my development?
- At work, do my opinions seem to count?
- Does the mission/purpose of my company make me feel my job is important?
- Are my co-workers committed to doing quality work?
- Do I have a best friend at work?
- In the last six months, has someone at work talked to me about my progress?
- This last year, have I had opportunities at work to learn and grow?
Drive by Dan Pink explores motivation in the workplace. Pink summarizes his book in 100 words, “When it comes to motivation, there’s a gap between what science knows and what business does. Our current business operating system – which is built around external, carrot-and-stick motivators – doesn’t work and often does harm. We need an upgrade. And science shows the way. This new approach has three essential elements: (1) Autonomy – the desire to direct our own lives; (2) Mastery – the urge to get better and better at something that matters; and (3) Purpose – the yearning to do what we do in the service of something larger than ourselves.” Pink fleshes out these three elements – Autonomy accords people control over 1) what they do, 2) when they do it, 3) who they do it with and 4) how they do it. Mastery challenges people with work that is not too hard and not too easy. It also abides by these three rules – 1) abilities are not finite, but infinitely improvable, 2) mastering a task takes determination, effort, and on-going practice and 3) no matter how hard you try, you will never fully master your craft. Purpose manifests itself in the organization by 1) using profit to fund purpose, 2) identifying objectives that supersede just the enrichment of investors or employees and 3) creating opportunities that allow employees to engage in these objectives on their own terms.
As I contrasted the approaches of the two books, I weighed the external focus of Buckingham and Coffman (good managers create an environment that breeds fulfillment and performance) and the internal focus of Pink (external motivation is ineffective in today’s creative work environment and must be replaced by tapping into the intrinsic motivation of each employee). I believe these authors have identified two sides of the same coin – good managers tap into the internal motivation that each of us possesses.
Notice how 8 of the 12 First, Break All the Rules questions fit nicely under the internal motivations in Drive –
Autonomy
- At work, do my opinions seem to count? (what I do, how I do it, when I do it)
- Are my co-workers committed to doing quality work? (who I do it with)
- Do I have a best friend at work? (who I do it with)
Mastery
- At work, do I have the opportunity to do what I do best every day? (not too hard, not too easy)
- Is there someone at work who encourages my development? (abilities are not finite, but infinitely improvable)
- In the last six months, has someone at work talked to me about my progress? (no matter how hard you try, you’ll never fully master your craft)
- This last year, have I had opportunities at work to learn and grow? (mastery takes determination, effort and on-going practice)
Purpose
- Does the mission/purpose of my company make me feel my job is important? (profit is used to fund purpose, engaging in the purpose on my own terms)
As I see it, 4 questions don’t fit neatly into the 3 internal motivations, but instead give context to these drives in the organization.
- Do I know what is expected of me at work?
- Do I have the materials and equipment I need to do my work right?
- In the last seven days, have I received recognition or praise for doing good work?
- Does my supervisor, or someone at work, seem to care about me as a person?
I find it interesting that 2 of the 4 outlier questions deal with being valued and validated (Qs 4 and 5). Each of us, whether we labor in the spotlight or in the shadows, wants to know we’re doing work that’s important and appreciated. It’s certainly not as meaningful as being plugged in to our internal motivations, but contributes to a healthy view of work life.
The remaining two questions deal with expectations and equipping. People, for the most part, want to do a good job and feel pride in their work, but they must know exactly what “doing a good job” looks like. Finally, employees must be equipped with the talents and resources they need to do what is expected. Owners, managers and supervisors shouldn’t expect a house when they’ve not provided building materials.
This is my shot at connecting the dots. I’d love to get your take on the connections between these two excellent books.